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充电系统|组件、功能工作Principle , Diagnosis Tips

车辆配备了许多电气设备，可安全，舒适。该车辆不仅需要在驾驶时，而且需要电力，还需要电力。

Therefore, the vehicle has a battery for a power supply and a charging system to generate electricity by the engine running. The charging system supplies electricity to all the electrical devices and charges the battery.

充电系统是电气系统的重要组成部分。它为灯，无线电，加热器，发动机电气系统和其他电气配件提供电流。它还将电池保持在充电状态，并根据需要为其充电。

The charging system has three main components: the alternator, the voltage regulator, and the batteries.

交流发电机会产生电源以运行配件并为电池充电。它通常由位于曲轴旁的皮带驱动。曲轴的机械能由交流发电机转换为电池和配件的电能。
电压调节器充当电气交通COP，以控制交流发电机的输出。当电池需要充电或车辆电动需求增加时，它会感觉到它会感觉到，并相应地调整交流发电机的输出。

The batteries are a reservoir of chemical electrical power. Their primary purpose is to crank the engine. They also supply power to vehicle accessories when the electrical load is too great for the alternator alone.

三相交替电流

（1）当磁体在线圈内旋转时，将在线圈的两端之间产生电压。这将产生交替的电流。
（2）如图所示，在线圈中产生的电流与磁体位置之间的关系。当磁铁的N和S极接近线圈时，产生最大的电流。但是，电流朝相反的方向流动，每一半的磁铁转弯。以这种方式形成正弦波的电流称为“单相交替电流”。

组件和功能

In general, the components of the charging system are composed of alternators and regulators. However, the charging system needs to add some additional components so that the electricity generated can be supplied to the battery and to all electrical loads safely and precisely. The component, consisting of;

1.电池

The function of the battery is as a storage of electrical energy. Like a warehouse, the battery will store all the electrical energy generated by the alternator and then this stored electricity is removed when necessary.

2. Fuse and Fusible links

Fuse and fusible links have different functions even though have the same shape. Fusible link can be called as main fuse which is placed near the battery positive terminal. The function of this fuse is to protect the entire electrical system of the car from excessive currents. Generally the fusible link has a capacity of up to more than 60 Ampere.

While the function of the fuse is as a safety of a series of specific electrical wiring, in conventional charging system there are two fuse with same capacity (its about 10-15 Ampere). A fuse is used as a voltage regulator fuse and another fuse is used to secure the CHG and Voltage relay.

3. CHG Lights

CHG灯或通常称为“充电警告灯”是指示充电系统失败的指示灯。当点火钥匙打开时，此灯将正常点亮，以及该灯的发动机寿命应打开时，如果已死，则可能意味着充电系统故障。

4. Ignition key

The ignition key works as a switch. The charging system will be activated automatically when the engine is running, but to generate a magnetic field on the rotor coil must be done by a switch.

点火开关用作连接和侧面电源（正电池层）从电池连接到转子线圈的开关。当点火键打开时，将连接从电池到线圈转子的电力。但是，当关闭点火键时，电源将被切断。因此，即使发动机曲轴旋转，Altenator也不可能发电。

5.调节器

The function of the regulator is to regulate the voltage generated by the altenator. Why should it be there? because the voltage generated by the altenator depends the engine’s RPM. This means that if the engine RPM is low, the altenator voltage is also low, but if the engine RPM is high then the altenator voltage is also high.

调节器将用于使Altenator生成的电压不超过14伏，即使发动机以高RPM运行。这种电压设置旨在保护车辆的电气组件以防止过电压。

有两种类型的调节器，即类型或常规类型和IC类型。点类型/常规使用两个线圈来调整Altenator的输出电压。当IC调节器使用IC电路（集成电路）来调节输出电压时。

6. Altenator

The function of the altenator is to convert a partial engine’s rotating energy into electricity. The altenator input comes from the engine pulley connected through a V belt, the rotation of the rotor will cause the intersection of the magnetic force line with the stator coil so that the electrons flow on the stator coil.

The electricity in the stator coil is not directly connected to the battery, but it must pass through the diode bridge to rectify the current. This is done because the current in the stator coil is AC (Alternate Curent).

7. Charging Wires

充电线的功能是连接充电系统的每个组件，至少有两种类型的电线：标准线和B +电线。标准线的直径很小，例如汽车的电线，该线的功能正在连接整个充电系统上的每个端子。

虽然B +线的直径比标准线大，并且几乎与Stater线匹配。这条线的功能是将端子B Altenator与电池连接起来。

工作原则

Flow of electricity in charging system

Electricity in each position of the ignition switch.

Ignition switch ACC or LOCK

Ignition switch ON (when engine is not running)

When the ignition switch is in the ON position, current flows from the battery to the alternator. The reason for this is as follows. The alternator generally used for the vehicle generates electricity by rotating the magnet. The magnet is not the permanent magnet but the electromagnet that generates magnetic force by flowing electricity inside. Therefore, it is necessary to supply electricity to the alternator before starting the engine to prepare for generating electricity.

Ignition switch ON (when engine is running)

FUNCTIONS OF ALTERNATOR

The alternator plays a major role in the charging system. Alternator has three functions of generating electricity, rectifying current and regulating voltage.

(1) Generation

Transmitting the engine revolution to the pulley via the v-ribbed belt turns the electromagnetized rotor, generating alternating current in the stator coil.

（2）纠正

Since the electricity generated in the stator coil is alternating current, this cannot be used for the DC electric devices installed on the vehicle. To use the alternating current, the rectifier is used to rectify the alternating current into direct current.

（3）电压调节

IC regulator regulates the generated voltage to make the voltage constant even when the alternator speed or the amount of current flowing into the electric devices change.

充电系统诊断

The following general information has been assembled as a guide for charging system diagnosis. Refer to the appropriate Original Equipment Manufacturer’s service manual for specific information pertaining to charging system diagnostic procedures and safety precautions for your vehicle.

台式测试

如果有交流发电机测试台，请按照Bench Tester的指令手册中的步骤进行交流发电机性能测试。该测试将确定交流发电机的输出是否在其性能规范之内，从而防止了不必要的交流发电机。
If the alternator output is within specification during bench testing, resolve problems in the remainder of the vehicle’s charging circuit and other electrical circuits that may affect charging circuit performance. Refer to the appropriate vehicle manufacturer’s service manual for the procedures and circuit schematics necessary to identify and correct additional charging circuit problems.
If the test bench results show the alternator’s output performance to be out of specification, replace the alternator. Follow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended procedures to inspect the remainder of the charging circuit and other electrical circuits that may affect charging circuit performance.

HELPFUL TIPS

1. What is the condition of the battery?
• A visual inspection and a performance test of the battery must always be performed before inspecting the charging system. The battery must be fully charged (12.6 volts) and the battery cables, terminals and case in good, clean condition. This includes the frame and body grounds as well (refer to Battery Visual Inspection and Performance Testing).

2. Are any fuses open?

• Check the fuses in all the fuse box(es). An open fuse indicates circuit problem(s) that may have an effect on the charging circuit. Check the owner’s manual or the manufacturer’s service manual for the location of each fuse box.

3. Is the fusible link(s) open?

•可能有几个可熔接的链接，可以控制电池电路电池电路。如果易熔链路打开，则供应电压将完全损失给所有电气系统或开放式熔体链路控制的电路。查看所有者手册或制造商的服务手册，以获取每个Fusible链接的位置。

4. Is the alternator’s drive belt tension within specification?

•Too loose –If the drive belt is too loose, it will slip around the pulley causing the alternator to charge irregularly or not at all.
•太紧 -If the drive belt is too tight, internal bearing damage will cause premature alternator failure.

5.交流发电机的驱动皮带状况良好且尺寸合适？

•Worn or too narrow– If the alternator’s drive belt is worn or too narrow, it will slip around the pulley, causing the alternator to charge irregularly or not at all.
•新驱动皮带– The life of a new alternator drive belt is approximately 10 minutes. It is important to check and adjust the belt’s tension to the “used” specification after the initial 10 minutes of operation.

6. Has the vehicle been modified or additional equipment installed after it left the factory?

•Accessories– Non-factory accessories such as phones, computer outlets, televisions, refrigerators, stereo equipment or lights, among others, can overburden alternator performance and cause premature failure.
• Improper accessory installation –Improper accessory installation procedures can cause charging problems. Some of these problems may include poor ground points, loose connections or improper wiring.