Table of Contents

启动系统|组件和起始系统的工作

The starter motor is an electric motor that rotates your engine in order to allow the spark and fuel injection systems to begin the engine’s operation under its own power. Typically, the starter is a large electric motor and stator coil mounted to the bottom (generally to one side) of the vehicle’s transmission bell housing where it connects to the engine itself. The starter has gears which mesh with a large flywheel gear on the back side of the engine, which turns the central crank shaft. Because this is a lot of physical weight and friction to overcome, starter motors are generally powerful, high-speed motors and use an ignition coil to ramp up their power before engaging.

启动系统的组件

1.电池

The automotive battery, also known as a lead-acid storage battery, is an electrochemical device that produces voltage and delivers current. In an automotive battery we can reverse the electrochemical action, thereby recharging the battery, which will then give us many years of service. The purpose of the battery is to supply current to the starter motor, provide current to the ignition system while cranking, to supply additional current when the demand is higher than the alternator can supply and to act as an electrical reservoir.

2. Ignition Switch

点火开关允许驾驶员将电流分配到需要的位置。

通常使用5个密钥开关位置：

1.锁 -所有电路都是打开的（没有提供当前的电路），并且方向盘处于锁定位置。在某些汽车中，传输杆不能在该位置移动。如果方向盘向锁定机构施加压力，则可能很难转动钥匙。如果您确实经历了这种情况，请尝试移动方向盘以在转动钥匙时去除压力。
2. Off-所有电路都是打开的，但是方向盘可以转动，无法提取钥匙。
3. Run-All circuits, except the starter circuit, are closed (current is allowed to pass through). Current is supplied to all but the starter circuit.
4. Start-功率仅提供给点火电路和入门电动机。这就是为什么收音机停止在开始位置播放的原因。点火开关的这个位置已加载弹簧，因此发动机运行时不参与启动器。该位置暂时使用，只是为了激活起动器。
5.附件 -除了点火和起动电路以外，所有电源都提供了。这使您可以播放收音机，在发动机不运行时进行电源窗口等。

大多数点火开关都安装在转向柱上。一些开关实际上是两个独立的部分。

*您插入键的锁。该组件还包含锁定方向盘和变速杆的机制。
*The switch which contains the actual electrical circuits. It is usually mounted on top of the steering column just behind the dash and is connected to the lock by a linkage or rod.

3. Neutral Safety Switch

当变速箱处于任何齿轮中，但自动变速器以中性或停车为单位时，此开关将打开（拒绝电流）。此开关通常连接到变速箱链接或直接在变速箱上。当变速箱反向时，大多数汽车都使用相同的开关将电流应用于后灯。标准变速箱车将将此开关连接到离合器踏板，以便除非离合器踏板凹陷，否则启动器将不参与。如果您发现必须将变速杆从公园或中性移动以使汽车启动，则通常意味着此开关需要调整。如果您的汽车具有自动驻车制动器释放，则中性安全开关也将控制该功能。

4. Starter Relay

A relay is a device that allows a small amount of electrical current to control a large amount of current. An automobile starter uses a large amount of current (250+ amps) to start an engine. If we were to allow that much current to go through the ignition switch, we would not only need a very large switch, but all the wires would have to be the size of battery cables (not very practical). A starter relay is installed in series between the battery and the starter. Some cars use a starter solenoid to accomplish the same purpose of allowing a small amount of current from the ignition switch to control a high current flow from the battery to the starter. The starter solenoid in some cases also mechanically engages the starter gear with the engine.

5. Battery Cables

电池电缆是大直径，多发性电线，可携带高电流（250多安培）以操作启动器电动机。有些有较小的电线焊接到端子上，该电线用于操作较小的设备或提供额外的地面。当较小的电缆燃烧时，这表明重型电缆的电阻很高。必须注意保持电池电缆的末端（端子）清洁和紧密。电池电缆可以用稍大但从不小的电池电缆代替。

6.启动器电机

启动器电动机是强大的电动机，末端附有一个小齿轮（小齿轮）。激活后，将齿轮与较大的齿轮（环）连接到发动机上。然后，起动器电动机将发动机旋转在上面，以便活塞可以绘制燃油/空气混合物，然后点燃该发动机以启动发动机。当发动机开始比起动器快速旋转时，一种称为“超级离合器（Bendix Drive）”的设备会自动从发动机齿轮中脱离启动齿轮。

工作原则。

要使发动机启动它必须以一定的速度转动，以便将燃料和空气吸入气缸中并压缩。
强大的电动启动器电动机进行转弯。它的轴载有一个小齿轮（齿轮），该小齿轮在发动机飞轮的轮辋周围与大齿轮环接合。
在前引擎布局中，启动器在发动机背面附近的低位安装。
The starter needs a heavy electric current, which it draws through thick wires from the battery. No ordinary hand-operated switch could switch it on: it needs a large switch to handle the high current.
开关必须非常迅速地打开和关闭，以避免危险，有害的火花。因此，使用了螺线管 - 一个布置，其中一个小开关打开电磁体以完成电路。
起动器开关通常由点火键来工作。将钥匙超出“点火”位置，以将电流馈送到螺线管上。
点火开关有一个返回弹簧，因此，一旦释放钥匙，它就会弹出并关闭起动器开关。
当开关将电流馈入电磁阀时，电磁体会吸引铁杆。
The movement of the rod closes two heavy contacts, completing the circuit from the battery to the starter.
The rod also has a return spring -when the ignition switch stops feeding current to the solenoid, the contacts open and the starter motor stops.
The return springs are needed because the starter motor must not turn more than it has to in order to start the engine. The reason is partly that the starter uses a lot of electricity, which quickly runs down the battery.
另外，如果发动机启动并且起动器电动机保持接合，则发动机将旋转起动器，以至于可能受到严重损坏。
入门电动机本身具有称为Bendix齿轮的设备，该设备仅在起动器转动发动机时与飞轮上的齿轮环接合。一旦发动机速度速度，它就会脱离接触，并且有两种方法这样做：惯性系统和预参与系统。
惯性起动器依赖于小齿轮的惯性，也就是说，它不愿开始转弯。
小齿轮并非牢固地固定在电动机轴上 - 它已拧在其上，就像在非常粗糙的线程螺栓上自由转动螺母一样。
Imagine that you suddenly spin the bolt: the inertia of the nut keeps it from turning at once, so it shifts along the thread of the bolt.
When an inertia starter spins, the pinion moves along the thread of the motor shaft and engages with the flywheel gear ring.
然后到达一个停止线程结束时,begins to turn with the shaft and so turns the engine.
发动机启动后，它将小齿轮的旋转速度比自己的启动运动轴更快。旋转的动作将小齿轮拧下螺纹并退出互动。
The pinion returns so violently that there has to be a strong spring on the shaft to cushion its impact.
惯性起动器的暴力互动和脱离接触会导致齿轮牙齿上的磨损。为了克服该问题，引入了预参与的启动器，该启动器在电动机上安装了一个螺线管。
There’s more to a car starter system: As well as switching on the motor, the solenoid also slides the pinion along the shaft to engage it.
The shaft has straight splines rather than a Bendix thread, so that the pinion always turns with it.
小齿轮通过滑动叉与飞轮上的齿环接触。叉子由螺线管移动，该电磁阀有两组接近一个接近的触点。
第一个触点为电动机提供低电流，使其转动缓慢 - 足以让小齿轮齿啮合。然后第二个触点关闭，向电动机喂养高电流以转动发动机。
当发动机通过自行车手机（如自行车的freewheel）开始时，发动机发动机从过度速度中保存下来。电磁阀的返回弹簧从订婚中撤出小齿轮。