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The oil pump is the heart of the lubrication system. It sucks oil up from the oil pan and forces it around oilways in the engine, before the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/oil-pump-drive-mechanism-electronic-oil-pump/" aria-label="View Post: What is Oil Pump | Drive Mechanism , Electronic Oil Pump">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Oil Pump | Drive Mechanism , Electronic Oil Pump","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/oil-pump-drive-mechanism-electronic-oil-pump\/","articleBody":"What is Oil Pump | Drive Mechanism , Electronic Oil Pump\r\nThe oil pump is the heart of the lubrication system. It sucks oil up from the oil pan and forces it around oilways in the engine, before the oil drops back into the sump and is recirculated. The oil pump is a highly critical part of the engine - if an oil pump stops working it will lead to expensive engine failure 100% of the time. That's one reason why the oil pump is so directly driven from the crankshaft.\r\n\r\nOil pumps are situated in the oil pan, or more usually at the front of the engine.\r\n\r\nautomobile oil pump\r\nDRIVE TYPES\r\n1. Crankshaft Driven \r\nSituated directly on the end of the Crankshaft, this design usually incorporates a cover which sits directly above the Sump.\r\n2. Chain Driven \r\nWith more modern vehicles being equipped with Timing Chains, the Oil Pump has followed this trend by being driven by a Chain system.\r\n3. Belt Driven\r\nEquipped with a Pulley rather than a Sprocket, this design is driven by a Rubber Belt, much like a Water or Vacuum Pump.\r\n4. Intermediary Shaft Driven \r\nDriven by an auxiliary source such as a Lanchester Unit or Balance Shaft, this is a compact design most commonly used in VW\/Audi\/Seat\/Skoda\r\n5. Gear Driven Pump\r\nGear driven pumps include an intermeshing gear which are predominantly used on Heavy Duty Diesel applications.\r\n6. Shaft Driven Pump \r\nIncorporating a drive shaft, this type of pump is usually driven off a Camshaft or Intermediary Shaft. These usually have a Spline or Slot fitment on the end of the shaft.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOIL PICKUP PIPE\r\nThe oil pump sucks oil up from the sump through a pipe - called a pickup pipe. The pipe\u2019s nozzle sits below the surface of the oil, and it is covered by a guaze filter which prevents large particles from being sucked up into the pump.\r\nIf this filter screen was to be completely blocked, then the engine would not pick up any oil and the engine would at great risk of being destroyed. Therefore the pickup pipe may have bypass valve in case the screen is blocked. In this situation it\u2019s better that the engine continues to receive oil and we take the chance of damage to the oil pump: an oil pump is considerably cheaper than an engine rebuilds.\r\nPRESSURE RELIEF VALVE\r\nBoth these pump mechanisms will continue pumping oil up to extremely high pressures. In order to prevent damage to the engine, an oil pump includes a pressure-relief valve which will open when oil pressure becomes to high.\r\nThe pressure relief valve is on the output side of the pump. The oil on the output side pushes on a piston, or ball bearing. That piston is held closed by a calibrated spring and once the pressure reaches a determined level, the spring will flex and the piston will unseat, allowing oil to return either to the inlet side of the pump or directly down into the sump.\r\nELECTRONIC OIL PUMP\r\nAn electronic oil pump would be more controllable in relation to engine speed, and engines are now starting to use electronic water pumps. But it's unlikely that oil pumps will ever be electronic. Pumping cold, viscous oil is hard, and more importantly, the failure of an oil pump is disastrous for an engine. With a mechanical pump there is the guarantee that if the engine is running, the pump is turning. That said, some huge industrial engines and race engines are pre-oiled using an electrical oil pump that runs before engine startup and after shutdown.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD \/ CAM Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Oil Pump | Drive Mechanism , Electronic Oil Pump","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/automobile-oil-pump-300x281.jpg","height":281,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/piston-parts-piston-ring-types-piston/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/piston-parts-300x190.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/piston-parts-piston-ring-types-piston/">What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston
A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore by forces produced during the combustion process....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/piston-parts-piston-ring-types-piston/" aria-label="View Post: What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/piston-parts-piston-ring-types-piston\/","articleBody":"What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston\r\nA piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore by forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber. The stationary end of the combustion chamber is the cylinder head. Pistons are commonly made of a cast aluminum alloy for excellent and lightweight thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct and transfer heat.\r\n\r\nAluminum expands when heated, and proper clearance must be provided to maintain free piston movement in the cylinder bore. Insufficient clearance can cause the piston to seize in the cylinder. Excessive clearance can cause a loss of compression and an increase in piston noise.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead also :\r\nIC Engine Terminology | Nomenclature | Basic Definitions used In Ic Engine\r\nIC engine Major Parts and Its Function, Materials,Images,Manufacturing Method.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are also secondary functions fulfilled by the piston:\r\n\r\n \tcontributes to heat dissipation generated during combustion.\r\n \tensures the sealing of the combustion chamber, preventing gas leakages from it and oil penetration into the combustion chamber.\r\n \tguides the movement of the connecting rod.\r\n \tensures to the continuous change of gases in the combustion chamber.\r\n \tgenerates the variable volume in the combustion chamber.\r\n\r\nThe piston is the component of the internal combustion engine (ICE) which has to sustain the most mechanical and thermal stress. Due to the piston, the power of the ICE is limited. In case of very high thermal or mechanical stress, the piston is the first component to fail (compared to engine block, valves, cylinder head). This is because the piston must be a compromise between mass and mechanical and thermal stress resistance.\r\n\r\nThe geometry of the piston is constrained due to the cubic capacity of the ICE. Therefore, the main way to increase the mechanical and thermal resistance of the piston is by increasing its mass. This is not recommended because a piston with high mass, has high inertia which translates in high dynamic forces, especially during high engine speed. The resistance of the piston can be improved by geometry optimization but there will be always a compromise between mass and mechanical and thermal resistance.\r\n\r\nAs you can see there are significant differences between diesel and gasoline pistons. Diesel pistons must withstand higher pressures and temperatures, therefore they are bigger, bulkier and heavier. They can be manufactured from aluminium alloys, steel or a combination of both. Gasoline engine pistons are lighter, designed for higher engine speeds. They are manufactured from aluminium alloys.\r\n\r\nThe piston crown comes in direct contact with the burning gases, within the combustion chamber, so it\u2019s exposed to high thermal and mechanical stress. Depending on the type of the engine (diesel or gasoline) and the type of fuel injection (direct or indirect injection), the piston crown can be flat or can contain a bowl.\r\n\r\npiston parts\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPISTON PARTS\r\n1. piston pin\r\n2. skirt\r\n3. ring grooves\r\n4. ring lands, and \r\n5. piston rings.\r\n\r\n1. Piston head\r\n\r\nIt is the top surface (closest to the cylinder head) of the piston which is subjected to tremendous forces and heat during normal engine operation.\r\n\r\n2. Piston pin bore\r\n\r\nA piston pin bore is a through hole in the side of the piston perpendicular to piston travel that receives the piston pin.\r\n\r\n3. Piston pin\r\n\r\nA piston pin is a hollow shaft that connects the small end of the connecting rod to the piston.\r\n\r\n4. Skirt \r\n\r\nThe skirt of a piston is the portion of the piston closest to the crankshaft that helps align the piston as it moves in the cylinder bore. Some skirts have profiles cut into them to reduce piston mass and to provide clearance for the rotating crankshaft counterweights.\r\n\r\n5. Ring grooves \r\n\r\nA ring groove is a recessed area located around the perimeter of the piston that is used to retain a piston ring.\r\n\r\n6. Ring land\r\n\r\nRing lands are the two parallel surfaces of the ring groove which function as the sealing surface for the piston ring.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n7. Piston ring\r\nA piston ring is an expandable split ring used to provide a seal between the piston an the cylinder wall. Piston rings are commonly made from cast iron. Cast iron retains the integrity of its original shape under heat, load, and other dynamic forces. Piston rings seal the combustion chamber, conduct heat from the piston to the cylinder wall, and return oil to the crankcase. Piston ring size and configuration vary depending on engine design and cylinder material.\r\n\r\nPiston rings commonly used on small engines include:\r\n\r\n1. Compression Ring\r\n2. Wiper Ring \r\n3. Oil Ring\r\n1. Compression ring, \r\nA compression ring is the piston ring located in the ring groove closest to the piston head. The compression ring seals the combustion chamber from any leakage during the combustion process. When the air-fuel mixture is ignited, pressure from combustion gases is applied to the piston head, forcing the piston toward the crankshaft. The pressurized gases travel through the gap between the cylinder wall and the piston and into the piston ring groove. Combustion gas pressure forces the piston ring against the cylinder wall to form a seal. Pressure applied to the piston ring is approximately proportional to the combustion gas pressure.\r\n2. Wiper ring\r\nA wiper ring is the piston ring with a tapered face located in the ring groove between the compression ring and the oil ring. The wiper ring is used to further seal the combustion chamber and to wipe the cylinder wall clean of excess oil. Combustion gases that pass by the compression ring are stopped by the wiper ring.\r\n3. Oil ring \r\nAn oil ring is the piston ring located in the ring groove closest to the crankcase. The oil ring is used to wipe excess oil from the cylinder wall during piston movement. Excess oil is returned through ring openings to the oil reservoir in the engine block. Two-stroke cycle engines do not require oil rings because lubrication is supplied by mixing oil in the gasoline, and an oil reservoir is not required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTYPES OF PISTONS\r\nThere are three types of pistons, each named for its shape: flat top, dome, and bowl.\r\n\r\n1. Dome Piston\r\n\r\nThe Dome Piston looks just like it sounds. Instead of a flat top it has a dome that looks like the top of a dome stadium. Piston Dome refers to the amount of added volume on top of the piston compared to a flat top piston. This added volume increases the Compression Ratio and therefore should increase performance. However, depending on the shape of the combustion chamber in the head, highly domed pistons can create slow burning, inefficient combustion chambers. The optimum tradeoff between higher compression ratio and dome\/combustion chamber shape can only be determined by trial-and-error on a dyno.\r\n\r\nDome Pistons are also used in 2 stroke engines, mostly to deflect the inlet charge up toward the spark plug, and not let it flow directly to the exhaust ports.\r\n\r\n2. Bowl Piston\r\n\r\nBowl pistons typically are used to reduce compression ratio because of the added volume of the bowl to the combustion volume. Because they reduce Compression Ratio, bowl pistons can be used in Turbo Charged or Super Charged engines to help avoid detonation (spark knock) under boosted conditions. The extreme bowl shown is used in diesel engines, where the bowl is used to confine the diesel fuel spray for good, fast combustion. A piston bowl can do the same for a spark ignition engine and make for a fast burning, compact combustion chamber.\r\n\r\n3. Flat Top Piston\r\n\r\nThe Flat Top Piston is just like it sounds; it has a flat top. These pistons are typically used in mass produced engines. They are easy to manufacture and this keeps the cost of the engines low.\r\n\r\n4. Flat Top Piston with Valve Relief\r\n\r\nThe Flat Top with Valve Relief is basically a Flat Top Piston but they have small amounts of material removed to keep the valves from hitting the piston when the intake and exhaust valves are opening or closing. This allows for higher compression ratios by allowing the piston to go higher into the cylinder head.","headline":"What is Piston | Piston Rings | Parts and types of Piston","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/piston-parts-300x190.jpg","height":190,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/continuously-variable-transmission-components-working-types/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Continuously-Variable-Transmission-300x193.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/continuously-variable-transmission-components-working-types/">Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types , Advantages and Disadvantages 
A CVT or Continuously Variable Transmission is an automatic, single speed, and gearless...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/continuously-variable-transmission-components-working-types/" aria-label="View Post: Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/continuously-variable-transmission-components-working-types\/","articleBody":"Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types , Advantages and Disadvantages\u00a0\r\nA CVT or Continuously Variable Transmission is an automatic, single speed, and gearless transmission that can shift through an infinite number of gear ratios.\r\n\r\nA continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission that operates on an ingenious pulley system that automatically varies the transmission ratio, allowing an infinite variability between highest and lowest gears with no discrete steps or shifts. CVTs provide more useable power, better fuel economy and a smoother driving experience than traditional transmissions that use gearboxes with fixed numbers of gear sets.\r\n\r\nA continuously variable transmission system is a type of automatic transmission in which an arrangement of pulleys and belts made it possible for a drive to achieve n-number of continuous gear ratios within a range (depends on the design).\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Why there is no clutch in gearless scooter - CVT Explained\r\n\r\nA continuously variable transmission in a vehicle senses the accelerator input with engine load and get shifted to the desired speed or torque gear ratio automatically, in other words we can say that a cvt transmission is one of the simplest types of automatic transmission that provides continuous uninterrupted power within a specified range of speed and torque ratios.\r\n\r\nContinuously Variable Transmission\r\nCOMPONENTS OF CVT:\r\n1. Clutches\r\nI. Primary clutch\r\nThe primary clutch is an advanced form of centrifugal clutch and is typically mounted to the output end of the engine crankshaft. The clutch has two sheave faces; one that is laterally fixed (stationary sheave), and one that can move in and out to engage the belt (moveable sheave). In most systems, at idle the sheave surfaces are spread at their widest spacing, the belt is riding on the post or shaft at the smallest diameter of the clutch, and the belt is not pinched by the sheave faces. This provides a \u201cneutral\u201d position that allows the engine to idle without transmitting power to the wheels.\r\n\r\nII. Secondary clutch\r\nThe secondary clutch is mounted to the input shaft of the transmission, transaxle, or the like. In modern CVT systems such as those used in recreational vehicles, the secondary clutch has two functions: as a \u201cslave\u201d to the primary clutch and to provide a torque sensing element.\r\n2. Pulleys\r\nIn Cvt pulleys play an important role as the conical shape pulleys integrated over input and output shafts are the reason for continuously variable transmission\u2019s continuous n-number of speed and gear ratios, due to the different cross section of these conical pulleys multiple torque and speed ratios are obtained.\r\nTwo pair of conical pulleys each for input and output shafts are used in a basic continuously variable transmission that are-\r\n\r\n1. Fixed input pulley-\r\nIt is a conical pulley mounted over the input shaft (on the right-hand side), this pulley does not move (too and fro) over the shaft but rotates with the input shaft, usually fixed pulley is smaller in size.\r\n\r\n2. Fixed output pulley\r\nIt same as fixed input pulley but unlike fixed input shaft this shaft is placed on the left-hand side over the output shaft.\r\n\r\n3. Feeding input pulley or sheave- \r\nIt is the type of conical pulley which is mounted over the input shaft and have inner splines meshed with the shaft splines in such a fashion that it can move (too and fro) as well as rotates with the input shaft. the too and fro moment of this shaft over the input shaft make it possible to shift gear ratios.\r\n\r\n4. Feeding output pulley or sheave\r\nSame as moving input pulley but unlike moving input shaft, this shaft is placed on the right-hand side over the output shaft.\r\n3. Shafts\r\nSame as manual transmission type 2 shafts are needed by Cvt transmission to transfer power from engine to the final drive that are-\r\n\r\n1. Input shaft- \r\nSame as the manual transmission it is a type of shaft having splines over its cross-section over which input pulleys are mounted, the power source for this input shaft is engine which means continuously variable transmission gets the input from the engine through input shaft.\r\n\r\n2. Output shaft- \r\nIt is the type of shaft which is kept parallel to the input shaft in a continuously variable transmission, same as input shaft it also has splines over its cross-section and is mounted upon by output pulleys.\r\nOutput shaft is responsible to transmit final output power to the final drive of the vehicle.\r\n4. Belt or Chain\r\nThe belt in most CVT systems is a heavy duty \u201cV-belt\u201d which is V-shaped in cross section. They are made of rubber components reinforced with Kevlar and other materials to enhance durability.\r\n\r\nIn a Cvt transmission a v-shaped metallic (rubber in some case) chain or belt is used to transmit power from input pulleys to the output pulleys as this belt or chain is wrapped over both conical input and output pulleys pairs and the V-shape of this belt or chain make it possible to shift gears from high torque to the high speed.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHOW CVT WORKS?\r\nA CVT uses a pulley and belt system to change the vehicle's drive-wheel speed and torque in relation to engine speed and torque so as to provide an unlimited range of gear ratios. It is different from the automatic transmission which has a set number of gear ratios. A CVT uses components such as a high density rubber\/metal belt, a driving pulley actuated by a hydraulic cylinder, a mechanical torque-sensing driving pulley, sensors and microprocessors to perform its function.\r\n\r\nThe transmission has the ability to change continuously by using an infinite number of gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. To facilitate different gear ratios, the working diameters of the two main pulleys in the transmission need to be altered. While the pulley that is connected to the engine is called the input pulley, the one that is connected to the drive wheels is called the output pulley. One side of the pulley is fixed while the other side is movable. This movement is facilitated by a hydraulic cylinder which can change the space between the two sides of the pulley. When the pulley halves come closer to each other, the belt that runs between them goes higher on the pulley, thereby increasing the diameter of the pulley.\r\n\r\nThis is how you get the unlimited gear ratios, unlike the traditional transmission, where the ratio is changed in stages by shifting gears.\r\nTORQUE RATIOS\r\nwhen a vehicle needs high torque ratios the feeding input conical pulley (sheave) over the input shaft moves away from the fixed pulley which in turn shift part of the v-belt wrapped over the input pulleys towards the lower cross-sectional part of the conical pulley.\r\n\r\nSimultaneously when this input pulley(sheave) moves, feeding output pulley(sheave) also moves and comes closer to the fixed output pulley which in turn shift the part of v-shaped belt wrapped over the output pulleys towards the greater cross-sectional area of the output conical pulleys and desired torque ratios is attained.\r\nSPEED RATIOS\r\nwhen the vehicle needs speed ratios, the feeding conical pulley (sheave) over the input shaft moves towards the fixed pulley which in turn shifts the part of v-shaped belt wrapped over the input pulleys towards the greater cross-sectional part of the conical input pulleys.\r\n\r\nSimultaneously with this movement of input pulley, feeding output pulley (sheave) also moves and go away from the fixed pulley which in turn moves the part of the v-shaped belt wrapped around the output pulleys towards the lower cross-sectional part of the conical output pulleys and desired speed ratio is attained.\r\n\r\nIn other words, torque ratios are achieved when the v-belt rotates at the lower cross section of the input pulleys and at the greater cross section of the output pulley.\r\nAnd speed ratios are achieved when v-belt rotates at the higher cross section of the input pulley and lower cross-section of the output pulley.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTYPES OF CVT\r\n1. Pulley Based\r\n\r\nCompared to manual or automatic transmission systems, the design of a pulley-based CVT is simpler, with a lesser number of parts involved. The prime parts involved in such a system, are a variable diameter input pulley, an output pulley, and a V-belt that connects these two pulleys, along with several electronic devices. A change in gear ratios is achieved through the variation of distance between the pulleys and their variable diameter.\r\n\r\n2. Toroidal CVT\r\n\r\nThis second type of design is similar in principle to a pulley-based CVT but still slightly different. The parts involved here are power rollers and discs, instead of pulleys and belts. There are two disks involved with two rollers in between. The gear ratios are changed through the use of an ingenious mechanism, which involves a peculiar arrangement of the disk and rollers. The rollers control the torque distribution and make infinitely many gear ratios possible, between the two extremes.\r\n\r\n3. Hydrostatic CVT\r\n\r\nThese types of CVT systems use hydrostatic pumps and motors as constituent parts. The torque distribution is made possible through fluid displacement and you have a continuous range of gear ratios to choose from. Your transmission problems are substantially lowered due to the use of hydraulics and elimination of friction-prone points of contact.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES\r\nAdvantages\r\n\u2022 Better fuel consumption than a regular automatic transmission as the CVT is able to keep the car in its optimum power range regardless of speed\r\n\u2022 There is improved acceleration due to the lower power loss experienced\r\n\u2022 Stepless transmission\r\n\u2022 It has the ability to allow the engine to rev almost immediately which delivers maximum torque.\r\n\u2022 Provides a smoother ride than automatic transmission\r\n\u2022 The hydraulic motor of the Hydrostatic CVT can be mounted directly onto the wheel hub and this allows for a more flexible suspension system and this in turn eliminates efficiency losses due to the friction from the driveshaft.\r\n\u2022 Adapts to varying road conditions and power demands to allows for a better ride\r\n\u2022 Better emission control and less greenhouse gas emissions because of improved control of the engine\u2019s speed range.\r\nDisadvantages\r\n\u2022 Driving a vehicle with a CVT is a very different experience and many drivers to not like it because you do not feel the engine accelerating; you do not feel any shifts instead you feel the engine racing as it would with a slipping clutch or a failing transmission which is just the CVT adjusting to provide optimal power.\r\n\u2022 Higher cost\r\n\u2022 Belt-driven CVTs (VDP system) have a limited amount of torque, however the technology is constantly being improved.\r\n\u2022 Transmitting motion by friction causes greater wear\r\n\u2022 Require special oil and other materials\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Continuously Variable Transmission : Components , Working , Types","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Continuously-Variable-Transmission-300x193.jpg","height":193,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/6-main-types-of-automobile-transmission-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/automobile-transmission-system-300x272.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to 6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/6-main-types-of-automobile-transmission-system/">6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System 
TYPES OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
1. Traditional Automatic Transmission
It also known as self-shifting transmission, n-speed transmission or torque...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/6-main-types-of-automobile-transmission-system/" aria-label="View Post: 6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/6-main-types-of-automobile-transmission-system\/","articleBody":"6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System \r\nTYPES OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION\r\n1. Traditional Automatic Transmission\r\nIt also known as self-shifting transmission, n-speed transmission or torque converter automatic, this is the standard type of automatic transmission to be found in most of the cars these days. Unlike a manual gearbox, it does not use a clutch to change gears. Instead, a hydraulic fluid coupling or a torque converter does this job. It connects to the Electronic Control Unit of the engine and allows for precise control of the vehicle.\r\n\r\nIt is a type of transmission that automatically changes gear ratios as the vehicle moves. The benefits of an AT center on giving drivers freedom from shifting gears manually. Other advantages include a smooth and precise engine control. Note that AT can be found in many non-MT vehicles.\r\n\r\nAutomatic cars perform smoothly, but the shifting of the gears is not quick all the time, earning them the name \u2018slushbox\u2019. The impression has been changing though, thanks to some brilliant transmission models such as the ZF 8-speed, which you will find in many performance cars ranging from Jaguars to BMWs.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more :\r\nManual Transmission | Components , types , Working and Application\r\nWhat is Transmission System | Function of Transmission System\r\nWhat is Automatic transmission- trends in automobile\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Automated-Manual Transmission\r\nAlso known as semi-automatic transmission (SAT) or paddle-shift gearboxes, a semi-automatic transmission is a type of automatic transmission that it involves the driver making gear changes similar to a manual transmission. However, it does not have a clutch unlike an MT, and it makes use of electronic equipment such as sensors, actuators, and processors to simulate manual and make gear change precise and smooth.\r\n\r\nThis automatic transmission type utilizes a regular clutch and gear setup but automates the action by the use of sensors, actuators, processors, and pneumatics.\r\n\r\nThe cars featuring this transmission provide better performance on highways. They are not recommended for city driving because the engines feel jerky under hard acceleration.\r\n3. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)\r\nA continuously variable transmission or CVT is technically another type of automatic transmission. However, it does not use mechanical gears unlike an AT and instead, makes use of belts or pulleys to enable seamless gear shifting based on rations and depending on engine speed. Compact design and stepless acceleration are some of the advantages of a CVT while different engine feel and cost are some of its downsides.\r\n\r\nIt allows seamless gear shifting with numerous range of ratios and facilitates the engine to spin at the maximum RPM (speed).\r\n\r\nTwo more types of CVT are there. The Hydrostatic CVT uses hydrostatic motors and variable-displacement pumps for transferring power to the engine. On the other hand, the Toroidal CVTs use discs and power rollers for this purpose.\r\nThe transmission allows the engine to operate at the maximum efficiency with seamless acceleration. It is good for fuel economy, and the repair and maintenance are not expensive. However, the engine creates much noise under acceleration and load. Plenty of models use this gearbox, and some of the crowd favorites are Chevrolet Spark, Ford C-Max, Nissan Sentra, and more.\r\n4. Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT)\r\nAnother type of automatic transmission is the dual-clutch transmission system or DCT. Also known as a twin-clutch transmission or a double-clutch transmission, it does not have a torque converted and primarily involves the use of two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets, thus allowing a seamless shift to higher and lower gears. It also does not have a clutch pedal and instead, a computer operates both clutches. Hence, it offers the ease of an AT with the performance of an MT.\r\n\r\nIt is a hybrid of automatic and manual transmission. There is no torque converter in DCT. You will use two separate shafts for gear changing, one for odd-numbered and another for even-numbered gears. Both the shafts have their own clutch.\r\n\r\nYou can shift to a higher or lower gear in a fraction of second and the transformation from automatic to manual is also seamless. However, the DCT gearboxes can\u2019t escape the complaints of noisy clutches, scratching sound, and rough shifts.\r\n5. Direct Shift Gearbox(DSG)\r\nIt is almost similar to the DCT but without its annoying problems. It uses two clutches instead of a torque converter, and its mechanism works by simple disengaging of one clutch and engaging the other second one for changing the gears. This transmission offers faster gear shifting and smoother pulling away than the traditional models.\r\n\r\nModern DSG units provide better fuel efficiency than even the manual gearboxes. The DCT is a dry transmission that does not need the driver to change the gearbox fluid ever. It leaves the clutches dry and wears out their frictional quality eventually. The results are abrupt shifts, slow responses to gear shifting, and jerky transmission. On the other hand, DGS is a wet transmission that keeps the clutches lubricated. The result is decade-long service with lighting gear-changing performance. However, you have to change the fluid on a regular basis (every 40k miles), which could be costly.\r\n\r\nMany automobile manufacturers such as Skoda, VW, Porsche, and Audi use this model in their cars but under different names. For example, Porsche calls it PDK gearboxes while the name changes to DSG S-Tronic units for Audi models.\r\n\r\nautomobile transmission system\r\n6. Tiptronic Transmission\r\nIt is one of automatic transmission types that functions just like a manual gearbox. However, it\u2019s different from manual operation in the sense that it uses a torque converter in the place of a clutch pedal, does have the option for auto shifting, and does not let the driver have full control over the gears.\r\n\r\nA Tiptronic transmission gives a driver an option to drive either in automatic mode or manual mode. Introduced by Porsche in the 90s and adopted by other manufacturers soon after, this type of automatic transmission has no clutch but, when used in manual mode, it allows direct upshift and downshift selection using paddled behind the steering wheel or by using the gear lever itself. When used in automatic mode, the computer does the gear shifting.\r\n\r\nWhat unique about this unit is it has the option to override the automatic mode. It means that you can drive your car as an automatic along with being able to switch into the manual mode when required such as getting up a hill or going downward in a steep road.\r\n\r\nThe cars using this unit has an inbuilt safety feature so that any driver error does not result in the damage of the gearbox. A number of manufacturers use this type of automatic transmission but it was first seen in Porsche 911 (in 1990) and then adopted by BMW and Chrysler.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nIC Engine Articles , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nAutomobile Engineering Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"6 Main types Of Automobile Transmission System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/automobile-transmission-system-300x272.jpg","height":272,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/camshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/camshaft-position-sensor-300x252.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Camshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/camshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/">Camshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Camshaft Position Sensor | Function , types ,Working
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
The camshaft position sensor monitors the rotation of the camshaft, specifically targeting when valves open and close....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/camshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/" aria-label="View Post: Camshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Camshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/camshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working\/","articleBody":"Camshaft Position Sensor | Function , types ,Working\r\nCAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR\r\nThe camshaft position sensor monitors the rotation of the camshaft, specifically targeting when valves open and close. Most camshaft sensors are mounted just above a notched ring on the camshaft. Most of these camshaft sensors will use a magnet to produce or vary an AC electronic signal that is used in conjunction with a crankshaft position sensor to determine when a position approaches top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke. This information will help to fine tune spark timing and injector pulse.\r\n\r\nCamshaft position sensor is also called cylinder identification sensor or phase detector.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead also :\r\nCrankshaft Position Sensor | Function , types ,Working\r\nCar Sensors | Types , Function of Vehicle Sensor\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn consecutive fuel injection systems, ECU must determine which cylinder to fire next. This information is provided from the cylinder identification sensor. During the engine rotation the sensor sends a signal to the onboard controller whenever the first cylinder is at the top dead center (TDC).\r\n\r\nThus, the duration of the pulse injection is estimated. In simultaneous fuel injection systems, the onboard controller does not identify the cylinders and the firing order, because this is not necessary for the system to operate. When a crankshaft or distributor advance ignition signal appears, the exact cylinder is detected by recognizing the mechanical positions of the crankshaft, camshaft, valves or the distributor shaft.\r\n\r\n camshaft position sensor\r\nFunctions of Camshaft position (CAM) sensor:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tTo determine which cylinder is in its power stroke, while the car's computer (for example) monitors the rotating position of the camshaft which is relative to the crankshaft position using a camshaft position (CMP) sensor. It will use this information to adjust the spark timing and the operation of the fuel injectors.\r\n \tThe CAM sensor or camshaft position sensor's role is to signal the ECM the camshaft position. The crank and cam sensor operates in sync with eachother. The CAM sensor is frequently used in determining which injector to fire in a sequential system and for the COP or coil on-plug ignition systems coil firing event.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nIC Engine Articles , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Camshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/camshaft-position-sensor-300x252.jpg","height":252,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/crankshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/crankshaft-positions-sensor-300x182.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Crankshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/crankshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/">Crankshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Crankshaft Position Sensor | Function , types ,Working 
The most important sensors of any engine, the crankshaft and camshaft position sensors are integral to the functionality of the distributor...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/crankshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working/" aria-label="View Post: Crankshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Crankshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/crankshaft-position-sensor-function-types-working\/","articleBody":"Crankshaft Position Sensor | Function , types ,Working \r\nThe most important sensors of any engine, the crankshaft and camshaft position sensors are integral to the functionality of the distributor and ignition timing.\r\nCRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR\r\nThe crankshaft position sensor monitors as a multifunctional sensor used to set ignition timing, detect engine RPM, precise position of the engine crankshaft and relative engine speed. This sensor negates the need for manual distributor timing. The camshaft position sensor is used to determine which cylinder is firing to synchronize the fuel injector and coil firing sequence.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Car Sensors | Types , Function of Vehicle Sensor\r\n\r\nIn some cars, the sensor is installed close to the main pulley (harmonic balancer) like in this Ford in the photo. In other cars, the sensor could be installed at the transmission bell housing, or in the engine cylinder block, as in the photo below. In the technical literature, the crankshaft position sensor is abbreviated to CKP.\r\n\r\ncrankshaft positions sensor\r\nFUNCTIONS\r\n1. Sensing\r\n\r\nIf you look at the crankshaft, you will find a powerful magnet next to it. You will also find that there are steel pins or pegs arranged at regular intervals around the crankshaft.\r\n\r\nThis magnet constantly radiates a magnetic field that is steady. As the engine starts and the crankshaft spins the steel pins around the shaft rotate around this field. This causes fluctuation in the field, thus producing an AC (alternating current) signal. This further signals the engine management unit (engine computer) to decipher the speed of rotation. In turn, the EMU is able to calculate the position and the pace of the camshaft to further optimize fuel injection and ignition.\r\n\r\n2. Adjustments\r\n\r\nThe way modern cars are, we must learn one thing. The engines will give us an efficient performance only if the internal parts are moving at a particular recommended speed. It is only once the crankshaft position sensor senses the rotation of the crankshaft inside the engine that the on-board can make use of the information that the sensor sends to it. This is when the computer will make small adjustments\/fine-tunings in to the engine to increase its efficiency.\r\n\r\nConsider the cases when you are moving full-throttle. The constant throttle in modes like cruise mode or sports mode, the computer needs to make these fine adjustments to the engine in order to change the speed. The computer will ensure that it constantly checks the rotational speed of the crankshaft, compares it to the ideal range, and make speed adjustments accordingly. This adjustment can be in terms of both increasing and decreasing the speed.\r\nTYPES OF SENSORS\r\nThere are three main types of sensor:\r\n\r\n1. Inductive:\r\n\r\nUses a magnet to pick up a signal from the engine cranking. Either mounted in the block of the engine, near the fly wheel or close to the crankshaft itself. It picks up notches on a spinning disk, reluctor wheel or the crankshaft. When each notch passes, it causes a change in the magnetic field, sending an alternating current signal to the ECU.\r\n\r\n2. Hall Effect:\r\n\r\nThis type is mounted in the same places as the inductive sensor and responds to the same notches. Though instead of an analogue AC signal it creates a digital signal. Either on or off, as the notches pass the sensor.\r\n\r\n3. AC output sensor\r\n\r\nAC output sensor is different from the others in that the output is an AC voltage signal. The onboard controller generates very high frequency (between 150 and 2500 cycles per second) to the exciter coil, which is located near the rotating disc. This disc is mounted at the end of the camshaft and there is a slot in it. When the slot passes the coil, it is excited by the mutual inductance and a signal indicating the position of the first cylinder is sent to the onboard controller. This type of sensor is used in some Vauxhall ECOTEC engines.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nThe crankshaft position sensor is positioned so that teeth on the reluctor ring attached to the crankshaft pass close to the sensor tip. The reluctor ring has one or more teeth missing to provide the engine computer (PCM) with the reference point to the crankshaft position.\r\n\r\nAs the crankshaft rotates, the sensor produces a pulsed voltage signal, where each pulse corresponds to the tooth on the reluctor ring. The photo below shows the actual signal from the crankshaft position sensor with the engine idling. In this vehicle, the reluctor ring is made with two missing teeth, as you can notice on the graph.\r\n\r\nThe PCM uses the signal from the crankshaft position sensor to determine at what time to produce the spark and in which cylinder. The signal from the crankshaft position is also used to monitor if any of the cylinder\u2019s misfires. If the signal from the sensor is missing, there will be no spark and fuel injectors won't operate.\r\n\r\nThe two most common types are the magnetic sensors with a pick-up coil that produce A\/C voltage and the Hall-effect sensors that produce a digital square wave signal as in the photo above. Modern cars use the Hall-effect sensors. A pick-up coil type sensor has a two-pin connector. The Hall-effect sensor has a three-pin connector (reference voltage, ground and signal).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nMechatronics System Notes , article , Interview Que and Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Crankshaft Position Sensor  |  Function , types ,Working","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/crankshaft-positions-sensor-300x182.jpg","height":182,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=58">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=57"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>57</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=58"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>58</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>59</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=60"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>60</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=61"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>61</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=60">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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