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大师缸|类型，工作原则和应用

“Great things are done by a series of small things brought together”

Master cylinder in an automobile braking system is a hydraulic device in which cylinder and one or two pistons are arranged in such a manner that the mechanical force applied by the driver of a vehicle either by brake pedal (in cars) or by brake lever (in bikes) is converted into hydraulic pressure which in turn transferred to the brake caliper for braking.

液压系统由三个基本零件组成：主缸（活塞），该缸（活塞）将流体推到线条，携带流体的线和当流体压力推向其上时移动的线圆柱体。现代的“串联”主缸利用一对活塞在同一根管子中控制两个不同的流体电路，以提供单活塞设计无法提供的冗余。

In hydraulic braking system, master cylinder is a device that provides required amount of pressure or braking force to the final braking components after multiplication of the mechanical force applied by the driver through brake pedal or brake lever.

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TYPES OF MASTER CYLINDER

根据其构建和应用，制动器主圆柱有两种类型

1. SINGLE CIRCUIT MASTER CYLINDER

制动踏板杆将柱塞（活塞）推入圆柱体内，该柱塞将流体推入线并进入从圆柱体中。释放制动踏板时，气缸内的弹簧将柱塞推回了原始位置。负压将制动液从线条和制动液储层中拉到气缸中。

Single circuit m c (master cylinder) distributes equal force in all the wheels due to the use of single cylinder single piston or circuit.

这种类型的主缸通常用于许多2轮旋转器和一些轻巧的4轮机

建造

It consist of 5 parts :-

1.水库

它是用于将制动液存储在液压类型制动系统中的储罐，通常是由塑料组成的。

2.气缸

这是活塞在内部用刹车踏板瞬间移动的空气紧密外壳，进而导致力的转换和乘法。气缸通常由铸铁或铝制组成。

它通过入口阀与储层连接，并通过插座阀与制动线连接。
In single circuit m c there is only 1 compression chamber.

3. Piston

由于制动踏板的运动，这是主缸的往复一部分，在圆柱体内部往复，活塞会导致气缸内制动流体的压缩，从而产生高液压。
In single circuit only 1 piston is used.

4. Returning Spring

It is the simple coil type of spring used inside the cylinder which helps the piston and brake pedal to retain its original position after brake pedal is released.

5. Valve

在单电路M C中，是连接制动线的出口阀，将压缩的制动流体进一步通过该阀传递到卡尺。

2.串联主缸或双电路主缸

It is the modified type of m c in which dual cylinder-dual piston or single cylinder dual piston along with dual circuit is used for independent braking between front and rear wheels.
This type of master cylinder is used in almost all cars as it is more efficient than single circuit m c.
它提供了前轮和后轮制动或对角线类型之间的独立性，这是车辆的重要安全功能。

建造

1.水库

在串联主缸中，而不是单个储层2或双室储层用作制动液的储罐。

2.气缸

与单电路类型相同的圆柱体与小修饰一起使用，即它是2活塞的壳体，也有2个插座和2个进气门。
In tandem master cylinder there are 2 compression chamber inside the cylinder.

3. Piston

在串联M C中使用了2辆活塞和次级活塞的2个活塞，而不是一名活塞，而是在原活活塞运动完成后发生的次级活塞的致动。
主活塞连接到制动踏板，然后将次级活塞放置在主活塞返回的弹簧后面。

4. Returning Spring

In tandem m c 2 returning springs are used one with the primary piston and second with the secondary piston.

5. Valves

In tandem master cylinder as it is the dual circuit m c , 2 inlet and 2 outlet valves are used .

WORKING PRINCIPLES

Single Circuit Master Cylinder

In single circuit master cylinder when brake pedal is not pressed i.e. non actuation position the piston remains at its original position which in turn closes the inlet valve of the reservoir due to which there is no incoming of brake fluid takes place between reservoir to compression chamber.
当踩下制动踏板时，即驱动的位置，通过连杆移动连接到制动踏板的活塞又打开了从储层到压缩室的制动流体引起的入口阀。
This brake fluid inside the compression chamber is compressed due to the movement of piston inside the cylinder just like the medical syringe.
After compression up to a certain pressure the outlet valve opens and this highly compressed brake fluid is further transferred to the brake lines for further brake actuation.

Tandem Master Cylinder

串联主缸的工作一样是70%as the single circuit m c but in this type 2 independent circuits of braking is used let see how its work-
When brake pedal is not actuated, the piston remains at their original place, closing the inlet valve of both the compression chambers, which in turn cuts the incoming of brake fluid between both the reservoir or both the reservoir chambers.
When the brake pedal is actuated, at first the primary piston moves due to which opening of primary inlet valve takes place.
最初，由于主室内制动流体的一级活塞压缩的运动。
在原始室内室内插座阀中的压缩完成后，打开了压缩液体，并通过制动线进一步将压缩液体送到制动式卡钳，并进行了主电路制动器的启动。
After the completion of the primary piston movement i.e. at its extreme end, the secondary piston starts moving because of the force applied by the primary piston’s spring which in turn opens the secondary valve and incoming of brake fluid from secondary reservoir to secondary compression chamber takes place.
This brake fluid is then compressed and after complete compression secondary outlet opens up and this highly compressed fluid is sent to the brake callipers through brake lines and actuation of the secondary circuit brakes take place.

APPLICATION

Single Circuit Master Cylinder

It is mainly used in 2 wheelers like Bajaj pulsar, TVS apache etc.
Many light weight vehicles like e-rikshaws are also using this type of master cylinder.

Tandem Master Cylinder